Jeep 4x4 Systems | Jeep Canada

Angled view of a red Jeep Rubicon shown driving uphill on rocky terrain with two other Jeep models following behind. Angled view of a red Jeep Rubicon shown driving uphill on rocky terrain with two other Jeep models following behind.

Get to Know Jeep® 4x4 SystemsAlways off-road responsibly in approved areas.

Always off-road responsibly in approved areas.

A front angled view of a white Jeep Grand Cherokee shown towing a large black boat along a gravel path.

Tackle whatever comes your way confidently with the advanced traction and secure handling of a no‑limits Jeep® 4x4. This website is all about the legendary power and capability of Jeep 4x4 systems.

This information is not model or year‑specific. Please refer to your Owner’s Manual for information about your specific Jeep vehicle.

HOW 4X4 SYSTEMS WORK

Cherokee
Jeep Active Drive I 4x4 System
Jeep Active Drive Lock 4x4 System
format feature A front angled view of a white 2024 Jeep Cherokee Altitude shown parked uphill on a dirt path with a sunset seen in the distance.

Jeep Active Drive I 4x4 System

Cherokee Altitude

From slippery streets to muddy trails, the full‑time Jeep Active Drive I 4x4 System is always ready for unexpected obstacles. Using sensors, it detects wheel slippage and automatically applies the appropriate amount of torque where it’s required. Adding to the enhanced control, the system includes the Selec-Terrain® Traction Management System with Auto, Snow, Sport, and Sand/Mud modes.

With its fully disconnecting rear axle, fuel economy is improved, only engaging 4x4 when enhanced traction is needed.

When to use
High range
All road surfaces, including wet or snow-covered pavement, sand, or gravel.
Low range
Conditions requiring added low-speed power, technical driving, and situations when added torque is helpful (e.g. pulling a boat trailer out of water).
format feature A closeup view of the Jeep Active Drive Lock 4x4 System dial.

Jeep Active Drive Lock 4x4 System

Cherokee Trailhawk®

Own virtually every type of road with this Trail Rated® 4WD system. Combining all the features of the Jeep Active Drive I 4x4 System plus low range and neutral mode with additional technologies like Hill Descent Control, Selec-SpeedTM Control, and a mechanical locking rear differential for superior off-road performance, this brawny 4x4 system is ready to take on the toughest roads and trails.

For extra rock‑climbing agility, the standard Selec-Terrain® Traction Management System also includes a Rock Mode.

When to use
High range
All road surfaces, including wet or snow-covered pavement, sand, or gravel.
Low range
Driving conditions requiring additional low-speed power, technical driving, and situations when added torque is helpful (e.g., pulling a boat trailer out of water).
Compass
Jeep Active Drive 4x4 System
Jeep Active Drive Low 4x4 System
format feature Profile view of a silver 2024 Jeep Compass Sport on a paved road with a lake and mountains behind.

Jeep Active Drive 4x4 System

Compass Sport, North, Altitude, Limited

The Jeep Active Drive 4x4 system is designed to help keep adventures moving in most conditions.

Switch between 2WD and 4WD at any speed with this fully automatic, single‑speed PTU 4x4 system. Its disconnecting rear axle helps increase fuel efficiency by only engaging 4x4 when enhanced traction is needed.

Its advanced sensors are on constant guard for wheel slippage and send torque to the wheels with the most traction to help the driver stay in control. What’s more, the Selec-Terrain® Traction Management System comes standard and includes settings for Auto, Snow, Sand, and Mud.

When to use
High range
All road surfaces, including wet or snow-covered pavement, sand, or gravel.
Low range
Driving conditions requiring additional low-speed power, technical driving, and situations when added torque is helpful (e.g., pulling a boat trailer out of water).
format feature Front view of a white 2024 Jeep Compass Trailhawk parked uphill on rocky terrain with a cloudy blue sky and lake in the distance.

Jeep Active Drive Low 4x4 System

Compass Trailhawk®

Tackle seriously tough terrain with the Jeep Active Drive Low 4x4 System. For those seeking more off‑road challenges, the standard single‑speed PTU provides the Compass Trailhawk® with torque management and 4WD Low Mode. This locks the front and rear driveshafts to provide additional power at low speeds or for towing.

Climb over rocks and ridges easily with its Trail Rated® 20:1 crawl ratio and standard Selec-Terrain® Traction Management System – enhanced on the Trailhawk with Rock Mode.

When to use
High range
All road surfaces, including wet or snow-covered pavement, sand, or gravel.
Low range
Driving conditions requiring additional low-speed power, technical driving, and situations when added torque is helpful (e.g., pulling a boat trailer out of water).

YOUR GUIDE TO OFF-ROADING WITH CONFIDENCE

SNOW AND MUD
CONTROL VERSUS SPEED
PLANNING AHEAD
VEHICLE INSPECTION
format feature A front angled view of a black 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee parked on snow-covered terrain with three people standing near the vehicle.

Maximum Traction In Snow And Mud

Trust Jeep® 4x4 systems to maintain traction in wet weather or slick road conditions. If the Jeep vehicle features a full‑time 4x4 system, it adapts automatically, while on‑demand or part‑time 4x4 systems are manually engaged.

For deep snow or icy conditions, 4WD LOW provides added control at low speeds. Shifting into a gear lower than necessary can reduce momentum. Over‑revving the engine can cause the tires to spin and lose traction, but if it does happen, turn the steering wheel from side to side rapidly to help the tires establish more grip and deliver more control.

format feature A profile view of a grey 2024 Jeep Rubicon with doors removed and a person seated in the driver side of the vehicle while stopped downhill in a large puddle of water.

Slow And Steady Always Wins

When it comes to off-road driving, easy does it – take things slow and stay in control.

For Jeep® vehicles with 4WD LOW, the low gear and low speed at idle generally provide enough power to ensure most hurdles can be climbed over. For Jeep vehicles with a manual transmission, simply let out the clutch slowly in the lowest gear to overcome obstacles like rocks and logs.

To try out these tips for maximizing vehicle capability, look for a location similar to California’s famously rugged Rubicon® Trail, where the average speed is just 2-8 km/h (1-5 mph).

format feature A profile view of a blue 2024 Jeep Gladiator parked uphill on rocky terrain with a mountain scenery shown behind.

Don’t Wait To Flex Your 4x4 Muscle

Advanced preparation is key for high‑performance off‑road driving.

Engage part-time 4x4 systems as soon as the vehicle is off‑road – there’s no need to wait until a sticky situation arises.

Always keep a close eye on the trail ahead to avoid unexpected obstacles and plan the best route around or over them.

The driver’s thumbs should always be up and out of the steering wheel’s way – the steering wheel can rotate suddenly when off‑roading and catch the driver’s thumb with a spoke.

format feature A front angled view of a silver 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee parked outside with mountains shown in the distance.

Know Before It’s Time To Go

It’s critical to carefully inspect the vehicle before taking it off‑road.

Check under the hood to ensure the battery is securely fastened, all hoses are in good condition and all fluids are at proper levels. Inspect the tires, including the spare, and check that each one is inflated correctly and is in good condition.

Planning to go off the beaten path? Travel with a friend, especially when exploring unfamiliar territory.

HILL CLIMBING
ROCK CRAWLING
DRIVING IN SAND
format feature A closeup view of a green 2024 Jeep Wrangler model parked uphill on rocky terrain with mountain scenery shown behind.

Take On The Ridges And Hills

Ensure the Jeep® vehicle’s driving line is straight up or down when travelling on a hill. When ascending, apply more power at the bottom and slowly release the gas pedal as the vehicle crests the hill. If it does stall, back straight down carefully before the next attempt. When descending a hill with an automatic transmission, select Low Range and the lowest drive setting. Always use the lowest gear with a manual transmission.

Never disengage the clutch to let the vehicle coast when in Low Range – this could severely damage the clutch disc. Simply let the gears and engine compression do the work and slow the vehicle down, and only apply the brakes to fine‑tune its speed.

NOTE: Never drive up or down a hill at an angle. Driving sideways on a steep slope can result in vehicle instability.

format feature A profile view of a black 2024 Jeep Wrangler with doors removed parked on top of large rocks with a blue sky shown behind.

Rolling Over Rocks

Overcome rocks slowly and steadily in Low Range. Select 4WD LOW in low gear and, at idle speed or using as little throttle as required, climb the rocks at a crawl. Ideally, rock crawling speed is 2-8 km/h (1-5 mph). For additional traction, reduce the vehicle’s tire pressure by 3‑5 PSI, and remember to return it to normal pressure when the off‑road adventure is complete.

NOTE: Do not straddle rocks. Instead, position the tires on top of the rocks and crawl over slowly.

format feature A back view of a yellow 2024 Jeep Gladiator with kayaks and paddles shown in the cargo space of the vehicle.

Beach Ready

Off‑roading in the sand means mastering momentum and letting the tire treads do the work. To maintain momentum, stay in 4WD HI and take wide turns – tight turns can slow the vehicle, which can cause it to lose traction and get stuck.

For improved traction, reduce the tire pressure by 10‑12 psi and remember to re‑inflate the tires back to normal when finished. If conditions call for 4WD LOW or alternative gear selections, be sure to avoid spinning the tires.

Glossary & FAQ

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Approach Angle
Starting from level ground, this is the degree of slope a vehicle can approach without scraping or hitting the front undercarriage. It's a great indication of the ability to navigate severe off-road terrain like boulders and logs. A short front overhang produces high angles of approach, thus increasing off-road ability.
Articulation
A Trail Rated® suspension is limber like a gymnast. How, exactly? Flexibility is the key to good articulation. The more a wheel can travel, or flex, the better it can maintain contact with the ground and provide the traction needed to cross an array of obstacles.
Axle Articulation
The ability of one axle to move relative to the chassis. It is the measure of the ease with which tires stay in contact with the ground (and retain traction) on very uneven terrain.
Axle Differential
An axle differential is a gear system located in the centre housing of an axle assembly designed to allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds during cornering.
Axle
A shaft that connects the front and/or rear wheels together. The suspension components attach to the axle and to the vehicle’s body frame.
Brake Traction Control System
Transfers torque from one wheel to another on the same axle when wheel slip conditions are detected.
Breakover Angle
This off-road term refers to the degree of slope that defines the largest ramp or hill that a vehicle can travel over without scraping against the frame or underbody components.
Centre Differential – Geared
A gear system located inside the transfer case of full-time 4x4 vehicles. It is used to distribute drive torque to the front and rear driveshafts and allows the front and rear wheels to rotate at different speeds during cornering.
Clutch Plates
A series of alternating steel plates within the transfer case of many on-demand or automatic 4x4 systems. One set of plates is splined to the clutch assembly hub of the rear driveshaft; the other set is splined to the clutch drum attached to the front driveshaft. The clutch housing is usually filled with a viscous, silicone-type fluid that clings to the discs to help transfer torque to the driveshaft. The engagement of clutch plates can also be controlled electronically.
Coil Springs
A coil of flexible metal that can be compressed or stretched along its centreline axis without permanent deformation. Coil springs support the weight of the vehicle while allowing the wheels to travel up and down over bumps.
Crawl Ratio
Essential for serious off-road treks involving steep hill climbs and descents, this is the final drive ratio of a vehicle in low range. It allows Jeep® vehicles to creep along (without depressing the accelerator) at very low speeds. Essentially, the vehicle does all the work. Except with Freedom Drive II® crawl ratio is determined by this formula: first gear ratio x rear axle ratio x low-range 4-wheel-drive ratio. The higher the number, the better the off-road capabilities.
Crow Hop
Vehicle shudder and tire scuffing due to a binding condition in the driveline, which is usually caused by operating in basic 4-wheel-drive or part-time 4-wheel-drive modes on dry pavement.
Departure Angle
When returning to level ground from a descent, this angle indicates the degree of a slope from which a vehicle can depart without scraping or hitting the rear undercarriage.
Differential
A gear system that transmits torque to the drive wheels, while also allowing the wheels to rotate at different speeds when cornering. Vehicles with 4-wheel drive have differentials in both the front and rear axles.
Driveshaft
Shaft connecting the transmission output shaft to the differential drive pinion shaft. Vehicles with 4-wheel drive add a second driveshaft from the transfer case to the front differential.
Electronically Controlled Coupling
Manages the torque split from front to rear with no active driver input needed, for smooth and automatic performance. It responds to throttle position or to front wheel slippage.
Fixed Yoke Output Assembly
Effectively handles the extra output from the transfer case and helps to ensure smooth and durable driveline operation.
Four-Wheel Drive
A drivetrain that utilizes a transfer case or Electronically Controlled Coupling to distribute engine power between the front and rear axles in order to drive all 4 wheels. Full-time 4-wheel-drive systems utilize a centre differential, which enables the front and rear driveshafts to turn at different speeds, thereby allowing engagement on dry pavement for normal driving conditions. A part-time system does not employ a centre differential and, during normal driving conditions, must operate only in 2-wheel drive. With a part-time system, the 4-wheel-drive mode is to be used only when off-roading or on wet or slippery surfaces.
Front Axle Disconnect
A mechanical or vacuum‑operated component used primarily on 4x4 models to connect and disconnect drive torque to the front axle. When shifting from 4‑wheel drive to 2‑wheel drive, this system disengages the front axle from the front driveline so that the front wheels aren't turning the front driveline unnecessarily. This reduces unnecessary front driveline wear, noise and fuel consumption.
Ground Clearance
Don't drag your belly through the mud – just clear nasty logs, rocks and uneven ground without sustaining undercarriage damage. Jeep® Trail Rated® 4x4 vehicles feature optimized approach, departure and breakover angles to keep you in the clear.
High-Range
A 4WD mode used for on-road or light off-road use.
Hill Descent Control
This system uses the ABS braking to control the car's motion downhill. It also allows a smooth and controlled hill descent in rough terrain without the driver needing to touch the brake pedal. If the vehicle accelerates without driver input, the system will automatically apply the brakes to slow down to the desired vehicle speed.
Jounce/Rebound
The motion of a wheel that compresses its suspension. If a wheel is at full jounce, it is at the upper limit of its travel. The opposite of jounce is rebound, or wheel movement that decompresses a vehicle's suspension.
Limited-Slip Differential
Provides the same basic functions as an axle differential, but with an added advantage: when the drive wheel begins spinning as a result of being on a slippery surface, a limited-slip differential automatically transfers torque to the opposite wheel to help improve traction.
Locking Differential
Provides even more traction than a limited-slip differential in tough conditions by locking the axle shafts together. Locking differentials do not allow for wheel-speed differences and must not be used on dry, paved roads.
Low Crawl Speed
The crawl ratio is the lowest gear ratio in a vehicle and is determined by multiplying the first gear ratio by the low-range ratio by the axle ratio.
Low Range
A 4WD mode used for severe off-road conditions.
Manoeuvrability
Athletic. Agile. Trail Rated®. Jeep® 4x4 vehicles have the footwork to navigate narrow gaps, dodge emergency situations and avoid cosmetic damage to underbody sills, thanks to precision steering and optimized wheelbases.
Neutral
When the shifter is in this position, the front and rear axles spin freely. Sometimes used for towing a Jeep® vehicle behind another vehicle (such as a motor home), so that uncoupling the driveshafts is not required. Also used in the process of shifting into 4WD LOW.
Open-Centre Differential
Located in the transfer case on some full-time 4x4 vehicles, this component works in the same way as an open differential in the axles but is of a more compact design. This component employs a planetary gearset, with planetary gears that revolve around the sun gear and inside the ring gear.
Power-Robbing Friction
Surface resistance to relative motion, as of a body sliding or rolling.
Running Ground Clearance
The distance from the ground to the lowest point between the axles.
Shift-on-the-Fly
The ability to shift from 2-wheel drive to 4-wheel drive while the vehicle is moving.
Skid Plate
Helps protect the undercarriage from damage when driving off-road.
Solid Axle/Coil Springs
Ideal off-road equipment. Instead of each wheel on an axle being sprung separately (like independent suspension designs), a solid axle connects the suspension of 2 wheels. Coil springs then support the vehicle's weight and allow the wheels to travel up and down over terrain.
Suspension Travel
From full jounce to full rebound, this is the amount of vertical wheel movement allowed by the suspension.
Tow Hooks
Heavy-duty forged steel hooks, in the front and rear of a vehicle, that provide attachment points for snatch-em straps and winch cables should you get stuck.
Traction
Traction in 4x4 is equivalent to grip on asphalt. Trail Rated® traction helps you stay in control on untamed terrain, in slippery (wet, mud, snow) conditions, and on steep grades.
Transfer Case
Mounted behind and driven by the transmission on most 4x4 vehicles, the transfer case transmits power to the front and rear driveshafts in 4x4 Jeep® vehicles and offers high and low range. The Compass 4x4 use an Electronically Controlled Coupling instead of a traditional transfer case.
Transmission
A mechanism that transfers torque into usable driving power, usually through the use of gearsets. These gearsets multiply engine torque in varying amounts to meet specific driving demands. An exception is a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), available on Compass and Patriot, which instead operates by varying the working diameters of 2 pulleys, transmitting torque by means of an immensely strong, steel-segmented push-belt.
Two-Wheel Drive
When the shifter is in this position, the front axle spins freely while power is sent to the rear axle and wheels, which then drive the vehicle.
Viscous Coupling
A speed-sensitive device located in the transfer case that transmits drive torque between the front and rear driveshafts when wheel slip occurs. Viscous couplings are typically used on all-wheel-drive vehicles and vehicles with automatic and on-demand 4x4 systems.
What is the difference between full-time 4x4 and part-time 4x4 systems?
Full-time 4x4 systems utilize a centre differential, which enables the front and rear driveshafts to turn at different speeds, thereby allowing engagement on dry surfaces for normal driving conditions. A part-time system does not employ a centre differential and locks the front and rear driveshafts together. With a part-time system, 4x2 mode should be used during normal driving conditions and 4x4 mode is to be used only when off-roading or on wet or slippery surfaces.
Why can't you use part-time 4x4 on dry surfaces?
Part-time 4x4 systems effectively lock the front and rear driveshafts together, forming a single driving unit that does not allow for differential action between the front and rear driveshafts. Driveline noise and binding (Crow Hop) may occur when operated excessively on dry surfaces or in turns. This binding can lead to heat buildup and early part failure.
Why does Crow Hop occur?
When a vehicle turns, each wheel rotates on a different radius to the turning circle, thereby travelling different distances at different speeds. If the vehicle's front and rear axles are locked together and are turning on dry surfaces, the difference in wheel speed sometimes results in driveline binding that is released with a bang or vehicle shudder when one of the tires loses traction.
Can I shift into 4WD high range at any speed?
Shifting into 4WD high range can be done with the vehicle stopped or in motion. If the vehicle is in motion, shifts can be made up to 88 km/h (55 mph).
How long can I drive in 4WD high range?
With a part-time system, prolonged driving in 4WD high range is recommended only for wet, loose or slippery road surfaces. With a full-time system, you need not worry about switching to 2WD mode when road surfaces improve.
How fast can I drive in 4WD high range?
You should not go faster than road conditions permit.
What is 4WD low range?
4WD low range is a mode specifically designed for temporary use when additional traction and maximum pulling power are desired. Front and rear driveshafts are locked together and engine power is sent through another set of gears to multiply torque. Avoid attempting to engage or disengage low range with the vehicle moving faster than 3–5 km/h (2–3 mph), and do not use this mode for normal driving.
Can I shift into 4WD low range at any speed?
No. With the vehicle rolling at 3–5 km/h (2–3 mph), shift an automatic transmission to Neutral or depress the clutch pedal on a manual transmission. While the vehicle is coasting at 3–5 km/h (2–3 mph), shift the transfer case lever firmly through Neutral and into the low range position.
How fast can I drive in 4WD low range?
Do not exceed 40 km/h (25 mph).
Can I shift into 4WD low range when stopped?
Shifting into or out of 4WD low range is possible with the vehicle completely stopped; however, difficulty may occur due to the teeth of the gears not being properly aligned. Several attempts may be required for clutch teeth alignment and shift completion to occur. The preferred method is with the vehicle rolling at 3–5 km/h (2–3 mph). Avoid attempting to engage or disengage 4WD low range with the vehicle moving faster than 3–5 km/h (2–3 mph).
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Offer based on "Net Amount", which represents the "Starting at" price (which includes freight (from $2,095 to $2,795), federal A/C, and Green Levy and Luxury Tax surcharges (as applicable)). Net Amount does not include sales tax, insurance, registration, license, retailer administration fees, new tire duties (in Quebec). Your dealer may charge a Luxury Tax surcharge on vehicles priced over $100,000 under the Government of Canada's Select for further details. The actual value of the Luxury Tax surcharge will be calculated based on the vehicle's final negotiated selling price (before applicable taxes), and will represent the lesser of: (i) 10% of the vehicle's selling price; or (ii) 20% of the final negotiated selling price that exceeds the $100,000 threshold. Please see your dealer or visit the Government of Canada's website. Estimated payments, cost of borrowing and total credit charges will vary depending on down payment/trade. On approved credit on eligible retail deliveries. Retailers may sell for less. See your retailer for complete details. The APR (where applicable) is the effective interest rate which includes the Consumer Cash which lower rate financing customers forego as a cost of borrowing. For further offer details, click here.

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"Starting At" price represents the Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price ("MSRP") plus freight (from $2,095 to $2,795), federal A/C, administration fees of the selected dealer, and Green Levy and Luxury Tax surcharges (as applicable) minus current Manufacturer Discounts which allow the dealer to sell for less. Sales tax, insurance, registration, license, and new tire duties (in Quebec) not included. Your dealer may charge a Luxury Tax surcharge on vehicles priced over $100,000 under the Government of Canada's Select Luxury Items Tax Act. The actual value of the Luxury Tax surcharge will be calculated based on the vehicle's final negotiated selling price (before applicable taxes), and will represent the lesser of: (i) 10% of the vehicle's selling price; or (ii) 20% of the final negotiated selling price that exceeds the $100,000 threshold. Please see your dealer or visit the Government of Canada's website for further details. Manufacturer discounts may vary from time to time and may vary considerably by model, trim and engine option selected. Please see your retailer or visit Build & Price for further pricing information. Price listed is for base models. Vehicles shown may be an upgraded model. Retailers may sell for less.